Indigenous people have occupied the area now known as Wiluna for at least 10,000 years. The Martu and Ngaanyatjarra peoples are predominant amongst the resident Indigenous population with strong links also to the Wongi and the Yamatji. The following Tinsdale tribal groups are also represented in the Wiluna area: Kartudjara; Keiadjara; Madoitja; Nana; Ngaiawongga; Ngarlawongga; Pini; Potidjara; Waljen and Wardal. The Indigenous people of the area speak closely related dialects of the Pitjandjara language with Mandjildj being the predominant dialect spoken.
Locally the people have maintained a strong connection to land and traditional practices. Traditionally, Wiluna is also a major Law centre and plays a pivotal role at Law time with people travelling great distances to conduct rituals.